In 1971, the Supreme Court presided over Griggs Vs. Duke Power Company. The complaint against the power company stated that the Duke hiring team used educational requirements and aptitude tests that created discrimination in employment opportunities for African American workers. The power company required potential employees to have a high school diploma and to pass an intelligence test before being hired. The Supreme Court found that the tests were not designed to select capable workers, but instead were designed to prevent African Americans from being employed with the company. This was in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which granted individuals the right to employment free from discrimination based on race, religion, color, sex, or nationality.