In America's colored history, there has been room for much controversy about discrimination in general, but racial discrimination seems to have been the foremost conflict throughout the years. Racial discrimination, or racism, refers to the unfair treatment of a person due to their race. An America, racial discrimination is illegal, as is defined in laws such as the Civil Rights Act, Fair Housing Act, and Equal Protection Act. These federal laws, as well as state and local discrimination laws, have been tested in a range of racial discrimination cases. In 1944, one of the first racial discrimination cases took place in Korematsu v. US, where an American of Japanese descent filed lawsuit because of the relocation of Japanese Americans. The year 1955 brought another landmark decision when Brown V. Board of Education determined that racial segregation was illegal in schools. In 2003, a more recent case of Grutter v. Bollinger found that a law school's limited affirmative action was indeed constitutional.